Achilles Tendon Rupture

📌 Definition

An Achilles tendon rupture is a partial or complete tear of the Achilles tendon, the largest tendon in the body that connects the calf muscles (gastrocnemius and soleus) to the heel bone. It commonly occurs during sudden explosive movements such as jumping or sprinting.

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📌 Causes & Risk Factors

• Sudden forceful push-off (jumping, sprinting).

• Degeneration of the tendon with aging.

• Long-term corticosteroid use.

• Fluoroquinolone antibiotic use.

• Weekend athletes (irregular activity after long rest).

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📌 Symptoms

• Sudden sharp pain in the back of the calf (often described as being “kicked” or “shot”).

• Audible or palpable “pop.”

• Difficulty or inability to walk on tiptoes.

• Swelling and bruising around the ankle.

• Palpable gap in the tendon.

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📌 Diagnosis

• Thompson Test: squeezing the calf → no plantarflexion indicates rupture.

• Ultrasound or MRI: confirms location and severity of rupture.

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📌 Treatment

1. Conservative (Non-surgical)

• Immobilization in a plaster cast or functional boot (6–8 weeks).

• Followed by progressive physiotherapy.

• Preferred in partial tears, older patients, or low-activity individuals.

2. Surgical Repair

• Tendon suturing to restore integrity.

• Recommended for complete ruptures and active/young patients.

• Requires post-op immobilization and rehabilitation.

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📌 Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation

Phase 1: Early Stage (0–6 weeks)

• Immobilization (cast or boot).

• Toe mobility exercises.

• Ankle pumping (to prevent blood clots and swelling).

Phase 2: Intermediate Stage (6–12 weeks)

• Gradual range of motion (ROM) exercises for the ankle.

• Gentle strengthening (isometric → isotonic).

• Balance and proprioception training.

Phase 3: Advanced Stage (3–6 months)

• Progressive strengthening of calf muscles.

• Functional training (walking, jogging, agility drills).

• Sport-specific rehabilitation if needed.
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  📌protocol of treatment PDF :