🔹 Meniscus
Injury
📌 Definition
A meniscus injury is a tear or damage to the meniscus — the C-shaped cartilage in the knee that acts as a shock absorber between the femur and tibia, providing stability and joint protection.
📌 Causes & Risk Factors
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Sudden twisting or pivoting of the knee while bearing weight.
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Sports injuries (football, basketball, tennis).
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Degenerative changes with aging (weaker cartilage, more prone to tears).
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Previous knee injuries or instability.
📌 Symptoms
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Sharp knee pain, especially during twisting or squatting.
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Swelling within 24–48 hours.
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Joint stiffness and limited range of motion.
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“Locking” or “catching” sensation in the knee.
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Feeling of instability or giving way.
📌 Diagnosis
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Clinical tests: McMurray’s test, Apley’s test, Thessaly test.
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MRI: gold standard to confirm type and extent of tear.
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X-ray: to rule out bone injuries (does not show cartilage directly).
📌 Treatment
1. Conservative Management (for small or stable tears)
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Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation (RICE protocol).
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
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Physiotherapy for strengthening and mobility.
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Knee brace if needed.
2. Surgical Management
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Arthroscopic meniscectomy: removing damaged tissue.
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Meniscus repair: suturing the tear (preferred in younger, active patients).
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Meniscus transplant (rare, for severe cases).
📌 Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation
Phase 1 (Acute phase)
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Pain and swelling control (cryotherapy, gentle ROM).
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Isometric quadriceps strengthening.
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Use of crutches if weight bearing is painful.
Phase 2 (Sub-acute phase)
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Progressive strengthening (quads, hamstrings, hip muscles).
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Closed kinetic chain exercises (mini-squats, step-ups).
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Balance and proprioception training.
Phase 3 (Advanced phase)
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Functional training (lunges, agility drills).
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Sport-specific exercises.
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Gradual return to sport and full activity.
-------------------------------📌Protocol TMM Pdf
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